Refuse what we don't need and change the way we produce and consume by redesigning business models / service delivery methods
Redesign goods and packaging in order to reduce resource use and waste
Re-use the materials without further processing, avoiding the costs of energy and other resources required for recycling
High quality material recovery from separately collected waste streams
Only where further recycling is not feasible, it may be possible to recover the energy from the material and feed that back into the economy
Incineration without energy recovery is unsustainable. Legacy incinerators should be upgraded to include energy recovery eg. clinical waste etc.
The least sustainable option and the last resort is landfill. In the UK, landfill is highly taxed at £103.70 per tonne of waste